Science in Action: Omega-3 (flaxseed oil vs. nothing 1)

Do our brains need more omega-3? I have blogged about this many times. My first two self-experiments to answer this question compared flaxseed oil (high in omega-3) with olive oil or sesame oil (low in omega-3). My balance was better with flaxseed oil, suggesting the answer is yes. However, another interpretation is (a) flaxseed oil had no effect and (b) sesame oil and olive oil made my balance worse. To test this possibility, I compared flaxseed oil to nothing (no supplement). If flaxseed oil has no effect, the two conditions should be the same. If flaxseed oil improves my balance, my balance should be better during the flaxseed-oil condition.

During the flaxseed-oil condition, I drank 4 tablespoons/day of flaxseed oil — 2 at 10 am, 2 at 10 pm. The balance test was at 8 am the next day. During both conditions, I did not eat fish.

Here are the results:

flaxseed oil vs. nothing
There was a large and very clear difference between the conditions. It took about three days of no flaxseed oil before the difference stopped increasing. On the first day of resumption of the flaxseed oil, my balance was much better than the day before. Comparing the two conditions (omitting the first three days of the nothing condition), t = 7.

These results support the idea that flaxseed oil made my brain work better.

Are injury-causing falls the new scurvy? The large fast improvement in my balance when I resumed flaxseed oil does resemble the large fast improvement when a person with scurvy eats oranges.

I was surprised by the time course of the decrement during the no-flaxseed condition: It looks different than what happened when I drank olive oil. In this experiment, my balance got worse for about 3 days and then stopped getting worse. In the previous experiment, my balance appeared to get worse for at least 9 days. This may due to the high omega-6 content of olive oil — omega-6 (almost identical to omega-3) may displace omega-3. In the absence of omega-6, omega-3 takes longer to deplete.

Andrew Gelman on Blogging (part 2 of 3)

To me the most interesting effect of your blog is educational — when I read it I feel like I’m getting a painless lesson in advanced statistics. Any idea if it affects many other readers that way?

It’s nice to hear this, but it’s probably like the difference between watching baseball and playing it. A reader feels he or she is getting an education by reading the blog, but you really learn by doing. On the other hand, you (and many other readers) are active data analysts. So I suspect that you’re really learning from your own data analysis. But the blog could be helpful because you go back and forth–something on the blog can inspire you to try something, which then motivates a question which is answered on the blog, etc.

In any case, I certainly help the people for whom I directly answer questions. Years ago I decided it was less effort to answer people’s questions than to say No. (This was back when strangers would email me after reading Bayesian Data Analysis with questions about nonconverging Gibbs samplers and the like.) Anyway, if I’m answering a question anyway, I might as well do it on the blog.

One thing I’ve tried to avoid is the lazy pattern of answering the easy questions and ducking the hard ones. I notice this on some computer bulletin boards (for example, R-help): There are some people who pounce on any easy question that comes up (often to tell people to Read the Manual). But when you ask a hard question, you get responses from a different sort of person. That’s who I want to be. If it takes too much effort to be helpful in this way, I’d rather not try at all.

Part 1 of this interview.

Andrew Gelman on Blogging (part 1 of 3)

Long ago, scholars taught. Then they taught and wrote books. Scholarly journals began. Scholars taught and wrote books and articles. Now a few of them teach, write books and articles, and blog. For example, Andrew Gelman, a professor of statistics at Columbia University, whose blog is here. To learn more about this new form of scholarship, I interviewed Andrew.

What led you to start blogging?

I started the blog in 2004 as a way for the students and postdocs in my research group to communicate with each other–the idea was that we would post items on our recent research and half-baked ideas, and it would be an open forum for us to comment on each others’ ideas, also with the opportunity for outsiders to add thoughts. It also seemed like a good way to publicize our work. I decided to post daily, and I figured that on days that I had nothing to say, I could just post one of my old papers. (As it turned out, I actually have a big backlog of blog entries now.)

Have there been any unexpected effects of blogging?

The blog itself developed differently that I expected. My students and postdocs rarely posted on it (except when I went on vacation and explicitly asked them to do an entry per day) so it became much more of my own personal forum. I’ve somehow developed a fairly equanimous “blog personality” in which I can comment on research by myself and others. Beyond that, I wouldn’t say there have been unexpected effects. The most positive effects have been:

  • Commenters pointing me to software and research of which I’d been unaware;
  • Having to type up my vague ideas has forced the ideas into a less-vague state; it’s also helpful to have to justify my thoughts to skeptical strangers;
  • Publicity for my work; I think that my ideas may be reaching more people now than before.
  • But I anticipated all these effects.

    If those three positive effects went away or became small, would you stop blogging?

    If they all went away, and they weren’t replaced by something else positive, then I suppose I’d stop. I do have a feeling of accomplishment from publishing every weekday for over 3 years (for my own sanity, I generally keep a no-weekend-posts rule), but if I wasn’t getting anything out of it, I’d probably lose motivation and stop.

    Will It Last? (part 2)

    I posted earlier about the recent increase in hits to the Shangri-La Diet forums. Here is an updated graph.

    hits vs date

    My shallow data analysis failed to show me the most interesting thing: An increase in the rate of change. To see rates of change, I plotted ratios: hits today/hits one week before. I used one week because there are strong day-of-week effects: Sunday is different from Monday, etc. Here is a graph of these ratios.

    change in hits vs date

    The green line is no change. Points below the green line indicate decreases; above the green line, increases. The red line is from loess. Here is a close-up that shows the red line more clearly.

    change in hits vs date (close-up)

    Since November, the rate of increase has been increasing. 5%/week would be huge; the rate is now 10%/week. This thrills me. It is a sign of what the Chinese call “word to word.”

    The Future of SLD

    In a Pottery Barn yesterday, I noticed some air “fresheners” with names like Tupelo Honey, Paper White, Pomegranate, and Mandarin. Like an incense stick or scent candle, they add a pleasant smell to the air. The display included testers, similar to perfume testers, that produce a fine spray. I tried a few. They were an easy way to alter the flavor of one’s food, I realized. I asked a clerk, “Can these be sprayed on food?” He tried to find the ingredients but couldn’t. “Is this the strangest question you’ve been asked today?” I asked. “No one has ever asked me this,” he said.

    If you carried in your purse a few small sleek canisters of “food perfumes,” you could easily make any food at any meal less recognizable and thus less fattening. Randomly using two or three perfumes per meal might provide enough diversity to last a lifetime. The SLD forum term for this is crazy-spicing. At least one person has lost a great deal of weight (80 pounds?) doing nothing else. You can still eat all your favorite foods; depending on the dose of food perfume, they will still taste good (if not out-of-this-world delicious). In this post, Peter Merel describes his discovery that slightly-altered favorite foods no longer trigger binges.

    a little slice of mud cake … I know if I start I’m going to be inhaling that stuff big time. No question. Serious ditto for me.

    Do you think lemon juice can cut that?

    Only one way to find out. Into the microwave and then a squeeze of lemon juice on top. I’ll admit the lemon juice didn’t help a chocolate cake. But it wasn’t bad either. I mean I’d have it again like that if this actually worked.

    This Actually Worked!

    I have also posted many times about the benefits of flaxseed oil, which I believe derives from its high omega-3 content. The benefits are so large, fast, and repeatable I suspect almost everyone is suffering from omega-3 deficiency. The Shangri-La Diet of the future, I believe, will have three main parts:

    1. Some sort of oil for weight loss and other benefits, including better sleep, better skin, and omega-3s. If it has flavor, you close your nose while you ingest it.

    2. Elegant little spray cannisters of food perfumes to vary the flavor of your food.

    3. (For hot weather) Ice-cold fructose water. I think it’s a viable product, like ice tea.

    Memorial University Continues to Destroy Its Reputation

    A paper by Saul Sternberg and me questioned a 2001 Nutrition paper by Ranjit Chandra, a nutrition professor at Memorial University of Newfoundland. We were not the first to question Chandra’s published work. Many years earlier, a nurse named Marilyn Harvey, who worked for Chandra, complained to Memorial that Chandra could not have done the research he claimed to have done. It is now obvious that Harvey was right. A panel convened by Memorial, however, found that she was wrong — more precisely,

    The university said it did conduct an investigation of Chandra’s research, but based on what it knew at the time, “properly determined there was insufficient evidence to sustain the complaint against Dr. Chandra.”

    Harvey claimed that certain data didn’t exist. The Memorial panel was unable to figure out if this was right or wrong!

    Harvey showed a lot of courage. She put herself at considerable risk by challenging Chandra, who was the best-known professor at Memorial. By doing a travesty of an investigation, Memorial University failed to protect her. And now Memorial University is defending what they did! Such a defense is a second travesty.

    As the person responsible, the President of Memorial, Axel Meisen, continues to demonstrate his cluelessness. When the truth about Chandra became evident, he said, “I don’t think one can conclude that everything Dr. Chandra did is under suspicion.”

    More about Chandra.

    The New Yorker Crosses a Line

    This week’s New Yorker contains an article (humor by Larry Doyle) that can be fully appreciated only online — it is full of hyperlinks. A press release calls the online version “an interactive version” of the article. A better term would be “the real version.” It’s the difference between a sculpture (the online version) and a picture of a sculpture (the print version).

    Before Spy ran into financial trouble, I had had approved an article about someone in the software industry. At the time, the Internet and web pages were just starting. I envisioned my article with lots of pseudo-hyperlinks (underlined bits of text in the main article connected to text boxes). Since there was no online Spy it would have just been a form of footnote or annotation. Alas, the article was canceled. My editor at Spy, Susan Morrison, now edits the section of The New Yorker in which this line-crossing Spy ish article has appeared. “We [the editors of Spy] try to find new ways to present information,” Susan once told me, as some staffers played a board game that appeared in the next issue. Larry Doyle used to write for Spy. Congrats to both of them.

    Could this have been cleverly timed to coincide with publication of Doyle’s new book? Probably.

    Addendum: Doyle himself comments:

    I have a humor piece in the New Yorker today — and it’s interactive! The piece is a website devoted to wedding plans of one particularly ambitious bride, crammed with links both real and fabricated: to her blog; to a new movie starring Reese Witherspoon and Jennifer Lopez; to a site on how to treat stab wounds. Once you’ve bought the magazine and read the story, go to gwynnanddavesharetheirjoy.com and poke around (You need to read the story first, or the website won’t make sense.) You can also read the story for free online, but where’s the fun in that?

    Love that dare not speak its name. Use of the old-fashioned term interactive is a hint that something is amiss. It’s not interactive in the print version, Larry.

    Underrated Tourist Activity

    Riding the bus. I dislike riding the bus where I live but in strange cities it turns out to be a great way to see the sights. Getting on a random bus has worked well for me in Shanghai and Seoul. I just ride until I see something interesting. Today I took a long bus ride in New Orleans to get to the local Whole Foods to buy flaxseed oil.

    Life-Size Faces on YouTube

    My recent post about life-size faces; the comments are especially interesting. Here are some usable YouTube faces, thanks to MorningPerson:

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=Oneparkave

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=communitychannel

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=geriatric1927

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=LUCYinLA

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=IanCrossland

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=crossmack

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=faintstarlite

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=Paperlilies

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=xPLx

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=lonelygirl15 (the earlier entries are better)

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=GregSolomon

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=renetto

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=tokenblackchic

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=thehill88

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=littleloca

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=Emmalina

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=Emmalene

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=boh3m3

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=WilliamSledd

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=courtneyblaircameron

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=HappySlip

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=DIEBUNNYHATER

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=dabestdude

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=TipToeChick

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=bowiechick

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=losetogain

    I also came across the following bloggers that looked promising but I did not get a chance to watch them before I stopped using YouTube for my morning sessions –

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=applemilk1988

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=corriev

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=cubefarm

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=davidnode

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=DMcLean1989

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=ExperimentsinHonesty

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=FantasticBabblings

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=jennfriedman

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=kazzart

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=kicesie

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=macgyvergg

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=omgheatherface

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=rebzugo

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=rosaku

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=SadieDammit

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=spricket24

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=sxephil

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=thaumata

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=thehurtone

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=thepoasm

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=tinydancer14

    https://www.youtube.com/profile_videos?user=TJRScudieri

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=trixiepixiedixie

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=Tsuneni77

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=Urgelt

    https://www.youtube.com/xgobobeanx

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=ysabellabravetalk

    https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=ZenArcher