Surprising Predictions From Self-Measurement

Patrick Tucker, an editor at The Futurist, posted a request on the Quantified Self Forums for “astounding” predictions based on self-quantification. He is writing a book about using data to make predictions.

Here are examples from my self-measurement:

1. Drinking sugar water causes weight loss. The self-quantification was measuring my weight. It began when I found a new way to lose weight, which pushed me to try to explain why it worked. The explanation I came up with — a new theory of weight control — made two predictions that via self-experimentation I found to be true. That gave me faith in the theory. Then the theory suggested a really surprising conclusion, that loss of appetite during a trip to Paris was due to the sugar-sweetened soft drinks I had been drinking. If so, drinking sugar water should cause weight loss. (The nearly-universal belief is that sugar causes weight gain, of course.) I tested this prediction and it was true. More.

2. Seeing faces in the morning improves mood the next day (but not the same day). This is so surprising I’ll spell it out: Seeing faces Monday morning improves my mood on Tuesday but not Monday. For years I measured my sleep trying to reduce early awakening. Finally I figured out that not eating breakfast helped. There was no breakfast during the Stone Age; this led me to take seriously the idea that other non-Stone-Age aspects of my life were also hurting my sleep. That was one reason I decided to watch to watch a certain TV show one morning. It had no immediate effect. However, the next morning I woke up feeling great. Via self-measurement of mood, I determined it was the faces on TV that produced the effect, confirmed the effect many times, and learned what details of the situation (e.g., face size) controlled the effect. More.

3. One-legged standing improves sleep. Via self-measurement I determined that how much I stood during a day controlled how well I slept. If I stood a long time, I slept better. Ten years later I woke one day after having slept much better than usual. The previous day had been unusual in many ways. One of them was so tiny that at first I overlooked it: I had stood on one leg a few times. Just for a few minutes. Yet it turned out that it was the one-legged standing that had improved my sleep. Without the previous work on ordinary standing I would have ignored the one-legged standing — it seemed trivial.

4. Butter is healthy. I found that butter improved how fast I can do arithmetic problems. No doubt it improves brain function measured in other ways. Because the optimum nutrition for the brain will be close to the optimum nutrition for the rest of the body — at least, this is what I believe — I predict that butter will turn out to be healthy for my whole body, not just my brain.

5. Mainstream Vitamin D research is all messed up. Via self-measurement I confirmed Tara Grant’s conclusion that taking Vitamin D3 in the morning (rather than later) improved her sleep. It improved my sleep, too. When I had taken it at other times of day I had noticed nothing. Apparently the timing of Vitamin D — the time of day that you take it — matters enormously. Take it at the right time in the morning: obvious good effect. Take it late in the evening: obvious bad effect. Vitamin D researchers haven’t realized this. They have neither controlled when Vitamin D is taken (in experiments) nor measured when it is taken (in surveys). Because timing matters so much it is as if they have done their research failing to control or measure dose. If you fail to control/measure dose, whatever conclusion you reach (good/no effect/bad) depends entirely on what dose your subjects happened to take. And you have no idea what dose that is.

Effect of Vitamin D3 on My Sleep

I have blogged many times about biohacker Tara Grant’s discovery that she slept much better if she took Vitamin D3 in the morning rather than later. Many people reported similar experiences, with a few exceptions. Lots of professional research has studied Vitamin D3 but the researchers appear to have no idea of this effect. They don’t control the time of day that subjects take D3 and don’t measure sleep. If the time of day of Vitamin D3 makes a big difference, measuring Vitamin D3 status via blood levels makes no sense. Quite likely other benefits of Vitamin D3 require taking it at the right time of day. Taking Vitamin D3 at a bad time of day could easily produce the same blood level as taking it at a good time of day.

I too had no idea of the effect that Grant discovered. I had taken Vitamin D3 several times — never in the morning — but after noticing no change stopped. I tested Grant’s discovery by taking Vitamin D3 at 8 or 9 am. First, taking it at 8 am, I gradually increased the dose from 2000 IU to 8000 IU. Then I shifted the time to 9 am. The experiment ended earlier than I would have liked because I had to fly to San Francisco.

When I woke up in the morning I rated how rested I felt on a 0-100 scale, where 0 = not rested at all and 100 = completely rested. I’d been using this scale for years. Here are the results (means and standard errors):

Vitamin D3 had a clear effect, but the necessary dose was more than 2000 IU. If Vitamin D3 acts like sunlight, you might think that taking it in the morning would make me wake up earlier. Here are the results for the time I woke up:

There was no clear effect of dosage on when I got up. Shifting the time from 8 am to 9 am may have had an effect (I wish I had 3 more days at 9 am).

Many people have reported that taking Vitamin D3 in the morning gave them more energy during the day. I usually take a nap in the early afternoon so I measured its effect on the length of those naps:

Maybe my naps were shorter with 6000 and 8000 IU at 8 am. It’s interesting that 4000 IU seemed to be enough to improve how rested how I felt but not enough to shorten my naps.

What do these results add to what we already know? First, the large-enough dose was more than 2000 IU. (A $22 million study of Vitamin D3 is using a dose of 2000 IU.) The dose needed to get more afternoon energy may be more than 4000 IU. Second, careful experimentation and records helped, even though many people found the effect so large it was easy to notice without doing anything special. For example, these results suggest the minimum dose you need to get the effect. Three, these support the value of supplements. Many people say it is better to get necessary nutrients from food rather than supplements. However, supplements allow much better control of dosage and timing and these results suggest that small changes in both can matter. I cannot imagine this effect being discovered with Vitamin D3 in food.

Vitamin D3 in Morning: Moving D3 & Fish Oil from Evening to Morning Improves Sleep (Story 22)

A few weeks ago I got an email from a reader named Alexander Vinther:

I take Vitamin D3 (2000 units) in the morning (between 7 and 9 am) together with fish oil. My sleep is deeper and I don’t wake up at odd times during the night. I tried increasing my intake 3-fold [= to 6000 IU] but felt too energetic/restless when going to bed (regardless of the time). I stopped taking Vitamin D3 (the regular dose) for a while to check my results only to start waking up in the night (or waking up early). Before this, my intake of D3 and fish oil was usually in the evening (everybody seems to recommend taking vitamins in the evening). The change from evening to morning was with both fish oil and D3 (I have always been taking them simultaneously) with huge improvement in sleep.

This is especially interesting because he made the evening-to-morning change long before I blogged about it. I asked for details.

Tell me about yourself.

Male, 24 years old. I live in Denmark and study philosophy. I exercise a lot (6 times a week, crossfit).

What were your sleep and energy like before you started taking D3 and fish oil in the morning?

My energy levels during the day would change a lot, sometimes with a huge surge in energy in the evening making falling asleep difficult. This would lead to few hours of sleep or a general feeling of not having slept at all (this in comparison to what I feel now, the feeling of “deep” sleep). [This is what happened when he was taking D3 and fish oil in the evening. –Seth]

Have you tried other D3 dosages?

I started out with 1400 units of Vitamin D3. I now take a multivitamin which has a small amount of D3, hence the 2000 units. I didn’t notice a difference between 1400 and 2000 units, but 6000 made me giddy/restless for the first week, which is for as long as I tried that particular dosage. 4000 units seems to have the same effect as 2000 units, but it is a dosage I haven’t taken for more than a week.

How long have you been taking Vitamin D3 in the morning?

I switched the time (from evening to morning) of my D3 intake about a year ago. Stumbling upon your blog confirmed my belief in or underlined the evidence for a difference in morning/evening intake.

How soon after you started D3 and fish oil in the morning (instead of the evening) did you notice better sleep?

I would say I see improvements in my sleep 3-4 days after D3 intake

What brands of Vitamin D3 and fish oil do you use?

My D3 brand is Danish: Naturdrogeriet D Mega. My fish oil brand is Biosym EPA-GLA+. I take 2 capsules containing a total of 1200 mg fish oil (DHA, EPA, GLA), 600 mg Borago oil and 700 mg soyalecithin.

Vitamin D3 in Morning: 7000 IU Improves Sleep (Story 21)

Someone who wishes to be anonymous wrote me:

I had been taking 400 IU D3+calcium morning noon and night for years. I usually fell asleep fitfully. My sleep was rarely uninterrupted throughout the night.

After reading your blog, I started taking all three pills in the morning. Getting to sleep was easier, but sleep was still usually fitful.

After more reading of your blog, I stopped the D3+calcium and switched to 7000 IU of D3 every morning. Within a couple days, my usual pattern became that I fell asleep quickly and slept soundly through the night.

It is now three weeks, and I continue to enjoy excellent sleep. I noticed no changes in energy or mood.

I asked some questions.

Tell me about yourself.

I’m an academic (professor of decision sciences), 52 years old. I live in Philadelphia.

What you mean by “I fell asleep fitfully”?

Even if I was tired, sleep did not come easily. I had no worries, so it wasn’t that.

How long did/does it usually took/take you to fall asleep under the three conditions?

Original 400 IU D3+ calcium 3 times/day: 1/2 hour was usual.
All 3 are taken in morning: 15-30 minutes, but still awakening in the night frequently
7000 IU in morning: 10-15 minutes, and sleeping like a log.

What time do you wake up? What time do you take the 7000 IU?

I usually wake between 7 and 7:15. Sometimes I head straight for the kitchen (where the vitamins are stored) and I take them immediately. Other times I head for the shower and then to the kitchen, whereupon I take the vitamins.

What brand of Vitamin D3 do you take now?

Vitamin Shoppe

 

Vitamin D3 in Morning: Mixed Evidence From PaleoHacks

Paleo Hacks has a thread about timing of Vitamin D3. Better in morning (my and several other people’s experience) or evening (Robb Wolf’s experience)?

This answer supports morning:

I prefer taking it in the morning. I think it helps set my circadian rhythm.

This answer supports night:

I prefer it at night. I find I sleep better.

This answer supports morning:

I had trouble sleeping when I started Paleo and was taking my D3 at night before bed. Was nervous and couldn’t seem to settle down. No problems since I went to morning, I have them with my fish oil right after breakfast.

By the time you read this there will probably be more evidence.

Thanks to Melissa McEwen.

Vitamin D3 in Morning: 4000 IU Better Than 1000 IU (Story 20)

Daniel Lemire, a Canadian computer science professor, left the following comment here

I have irregularly taken 1000 UI in the morning for years with no noticeable effect.

For about two years, I have had poor sleeping patterns characterized mostly by the fact that I tend to go to bed at 1am or later (and I get up around 7:15 am [woken up by an alarm clock]). Whenever I would try to go to bed earlier, I would simply fail to fall asleep.

After reading this blog, I increased my intake of D3 to 4-5,000 IU. I’m now falling asleep about an hour earlier. This could be a placebo effect, of course, but I consider it a very significant improvement.

It is unclear whether I have more energy. I don’t know how to measure such an effect. I expect that I’m less irritable, but that’s a side-effect of getting more sleep.

I asked him for details.

Tell me about yourself.

I’m in my 40′s. I enjoy a flexible schedule and often work from home.

You write: “For about two years I have had poor sleeping patterns characterized mostly by the fact that I tend to go to bed at 1 am or later (and get up around 7:15 am [woken up by an alarm so that he can eat breakfast with his family and walk his kids to school]). Whenever I would try to go to bed earlier, I would simply fail to fall asleep.” You mean you are still tired when you get up? You want to sleep longer but are unable to?

I was getting about 6 hours of sleep, and yes, I was still tired when I got up. I’m less tired now that I am getting around 7 hours of sleep.

“I tend to go to bed at 1 am or later”. What was the average (median) time of going to bed? When you went to bed at this time (“1 am or later”), how long would it take you on average (median) to fall asleep?

The median is 1 am. I fall asleep immediately. I don’t go to bed unless I know I will soon fall asleep: I tried to go to bed earlier, but it made me feel worse about my insomnia and I did not get better sleep. I tend to stay up until I feel like I must go to bed.

“After reading this blog, I increased my intake of D3 to 4-5,000 IU.” How many days have you been at the new dosage?

2 weeks +/- 3 days.

Was this the only change?

Yes. As far as I can tell. The time did not change. It is around 7:30 am. Soon after I get up. Before coffee.

“I’m now falling asleep about an hour earlier. ” What time (median) is that? How long (median) does it take you to fall asleep? What time are you now waking up?

I now fall asleep around midnight. I just instantly fall asleep. So I am getting approximately 7 hours of sleep.

“I expect that I’m less irritable.” You’ve noticed that you’re less irritable?

Yes. I feel less irritable.

What brand and formulation (e.g., capsule, gelcap, tablet) of D3 do you take?

Walmart house brand (“equate”). Tablets, 1000 IU/tablet. I take 4, sometimes 5. (Median is 4.)

Vitamin D3 in Morning (1000 IU) Improves Rosacea (Story 19)

A reader named Bob H left the following comment:

I’m on 1000 [IU] a day D3 in the morning. I have not noticed any difference in sleep, but my rosacea has cleared up considerably.

Rosacea is not usually believed to be due to Vitamin D3 deficiency. For example, Wikipedia lists many causes, but not that. Here is another list of causes that does not include Vitamin D3 deficiency. The Vitamin D Council says Vitamin D “cannot be used to prevent or treat rosacea” (but without supporting evidence). On the other hand, when people with rosacea consider the question, they find evidence that D3 helps rosacea. If you have rosacea and have tried D3, please comment or email me about what happened.

I asked Bob H for details.

Tell me about yourself.

47 year old, white, IT worker, 230 lbs, runner, beer drinker, Maryland, but I lived in the Netherlands from Jun-2008-Jul-2011.

When did you start taking 1000 IU/day D3 in the morning? Were you taking D3 before this?

I started taking it about 6-8 weeks ago, in the morning, about 9:00 am 1000 IU – my first time for D3.

Please describe your rosacea before you started 1000/day D3 in the morning. please describe your rosacea now.

I’ve had consistent rosacea for years on my chest. It has not gone away completely, but it’s much better.

Please describe your sleep.

My sleep was good before I started taking D3, and is still good.

Most of the success stories about Vitamin D3 in the morning have involved 4000 IU/day or more. Why did you decide to try 1000 IU/day?

I wanted to start out at a lower dose and build up.

What brand and form of D3 do you take?

1000 IU NatureMade gel.

Vitamin D3 in Morning Makes Waking Up Easier (Story 18)

David Cramer left the following comment here:

Since you started posting these, I’ve been taking D3 in the mornings and notice that I wake up much more easily. I started with just 400 IU, then increased it to 800 IU. One day I took 1200 IU and woke up at 4:00 AM the next day. I’ve gone back to 800 IU since 4:00 AM seems a bit early. For the past week, I’ve also been giving one of my daughters (11 years old) 400 IU each morning, and she seems easier to wake up in the morning (normally it’s quite difficult.

I asked him for details.

Tell me about yourself.

I’m in my 40s and live in Austin, Texas and have two daughters. I first encountered your work when I read about the SLD in Levitt and Dubner’s blog. I read the pdf of your papers linked from that blog post and tried the SLD with sugar water. At the time, I was at the high end of my ideal weight, but was not motivated by weight as much as curiosity. I found the irony and absurdity of the SLD appealing. I also liked the idea that it could be tested easily and cheaply. I went from ~170 to ~145 lb in couple of months, but really only did SLD for ~3 weeks. I now occasionally have a nose clipped green smoothie in the morning.

How long have you been taking D3 in the morning? What time do you take it?

I started a couple of weeks ago after you started blogging about it. I take it around 7:00 AM. That would normally be about an hours after I wake up.

The most obvious change since you started taking it is that you wake up more easily? How soon did this start after you started the D3?

Yes, that’s the change I notice. It may be improving my sleep quality, but that’s very subjective and not something I track closely anyway. The effect started almost immediately.

Could you describe (a) how easy it was to wake up in the month before you started the D3 and (b) how easy it was to wake up after you started the D3?

I would often set three alarms on my cell phone and return to bed formore sleep after dismissing the first two. After D3, I usually wake up before my alarm and don’t feel the need to go back to sleep (e.g. after going to the bathroom). Post-D3, when I wake up, I’m awake. Previously, I was still very drowsy for some time, even after getting up.

What time do you usually wake up? get out of bed? do you use an alarm clock to wake yourself in the morning?

Usually 6 or 6:30. Occasionally a little earlier if I have an early meeting at work.

Did D3 have any effect on how easily you fall asleep in the evening? On how often you wake up in the middle of the night?

I haven’t noticed any difference in falling asleep. I don’t typically wake up in the middle of the night.

How much sunlight do you get on a typical morning?

Although I live in Texas, I doubt I get much in the morning this time of year. I do bike to work a couple of times a week, but my arms and legs would be covered. I might even wear gloves if it’s cold. I work inside in an office during the day.

What brand of D3 do you use? what form (e.g., gelcap)?

NOW gelcaps.

How can you tell your daughter “seems to find it easier to wake up in the morning”?

She’s a sound sleeper. Normally it requires repeated reminders and threats to get her up. Even after you get her out of bed, she’ll fall back asleep on the couch. With 400 IU, I’m noticing less of that. I plan to up to 800 IU this week to see if there’s a difference.

Vitamin D3 in Morning Improves Sleep Three Ways (Story 17)

Chris Cappadocia recently commented here:

After the morning D3 entries started to appear here sometime before Christmas, I switched to taking my D3 first thing in the morning too (between 4-7000 IU) and so far I’ve noticed significantly increased feelings of sleepiness at bedtime, with moderate improvement falling asleep, reduced wakings throughout the night, and much better ability to sleep in.

I asked him for details:

Tell me about yourself.

I am a graduate student. I live in the Greater Toronto Area. I exercise almost daily (6 days a week maybe) with
weights (but nothing especially strenuous); most of the year I walk about an hour a day (but not January and February); I try to eat some vegetables every day, I have taken fish oil for at least six years, and in the last 8
months I’ve started to eat as much fermented food as I can easily obtain (kombucha and apple cider vinegar every day, kefir or yogurt or miso occasionally). Another thing which might be relevant is I’ve consumed a lot of caffeine ever since I started university. Regarding sleep though, I was off caffeine for six months one time and noticed no improvements (whatsoever!) in sleep.

When is “first thing in the morning”?

For about a month (January 2012) I have been taking D3 when I get out of bed, around 8:00 am. For this month, waking up and getting out of bed have roughly coincided. In December 2011 I took it usually at 9:30 am; if I woke up earlier than I preferred, at say 7:00 am, I would wait to take the D3.

Before you started taking D3 first thing in the morning, what time were you taking it? How long had you been taking it at that time? How long have you been taking it first thing in the morning?

I have been taking D3 daily for about 3 years. My daily intake was in the range 5000-12000 IU. I took the D3 throughout the day with food, and therefore somewhat randomly; a typical day on the high end might have been 2000 IU with a small breakfast, 5000 IU at lunch, 3000 IU at supper. Most often it was more like 5000 IU at lunch, 1000 IU at supper. I have been taking D3 in the morning since about early December 2011.

You say morning D3 caused “moderate improvement falling asleep” — you mean you fall asleep faster?

As an adult it has seemed to take an hour minimum, with two hours not being at all unusual (two or three nights a week). And then I could easily wake up shortly (an hour) after that. These times are all estimates, since
I try to avoid looking at the clock. But of course I do look sometimes, so I have some sense of these times, but it’s not so reliable. Also sometimes it’s not clear whether I’ve slept or not.

With that said, I would estimate the improvements falling asleep to be that in January it has mostly taken me under an hour, perhaps 45 minutes, to fall asleep. Also, I feel more content to just lie there and wait
for sleep, it feels like less of a struggle.

What are the average (median) times taken to fall asleep before and after starting to take your D3 in the morning?

I estimate:

90 minutes to fall asleep before starting morning D3

50 minutes to fall asleep after starting morning D3

over the last 6 months (the last two being the months on morning D3).

You say morning D3 “reduced wakings throughout the night” — Can you estimate the size of the change? What was it before morning D3? What is it now?

Three nights ago I woke up only once in the middle of the night, and it felt like maybe 20 minutes or so. Two nights ago I slept from 9:30 pm until about 7:45 pm, and I don’t recall waking up once. Last night 12:00 pm until
7:00 am, and I don’t recall waking up once. Before morning D3 I could easily wake up at 1:00 am for 5 minutes, 3:00 am for 30 minutes, 5:30 am for 45 minutes. This January, my impression is that I still do wake up three times a night or so, but remain awake only 5 to 20 minutes each time.

You say morning D3 has given you “much better ability to sleep in” — could you say more about this?

For at least the last 4 years I have been waking up earlier than I would prefer. I might go to bed at 11:00 pm and wake up at 6:00 am feeling very tired, unrested, and in a negative mood. (Due to not sleeping enough during those 7 hours; I am fairly confident I do not have sleep apnea.) Waking up early would not be an issue for me if I fell asleep at 11:00 pm and slept straight through until 7:00 am.

So by “much better ability to sleep in” I meant that I have woken up most days in January at 8:00 am, feeling rested but most notably, not feeling like “Ugh, I need more sleep” yet being unable to fall asleep again. I’ve felt like when I wake up, it’s the right time to get up. By the way, I did not notice this effect at 4000 IU. It showed up around 7000 IU.

What brand of D3 are you taking? Gelcaps or tablets?

Carlson gelcaps. Each cap is 1000 IU, in safflower oil. (I do not eat breakfast, so I take these on an empty stomach and this seems to give me no problems.)

 

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Vitamin D3 in Morning Improves Mood But Not Sleep (Story 8 Update)

In an earlier post, Alexandra Carmichael of CureTogether noted that 4000 IU/day Vitamin D3 gave her better results than 2000 IU/day. Her mood was better and her sleep was better. But she’d only taken the larger dose once.

She recently sent me an update:

Since I last wrote to you [8 days earlier], I’ve been taking 4000-6000 IU Vitamin D3, and I can report that it’s NOT having a positive effect on my sleep, but it is balancing my mood significantly, helping me to handle normally overwhelming situations with much more ease, and avoiding mood extremes. This is a wonderful thing!

Anyway, just wanted to let you know I don’t fit the sleep-improvement set — I still wake up super easily in the night. Falling asleep is easy, but I attribute that to the blue blocker glasses. Also, 4000 IU is much better at balancing my mood than 2000 IU (no noticeable effect) or 6000 IU (feelings of intensity or overwhelm increase).